Credit Cards & Debt Settlement – Why Banks Do It

Why does debt settlement work?

Banks in the process of lending, know that a percentage of accounts will not perform, meaning some accounts will default and go unpaid. There is a multibillion dollar industry built around the known fact that not everyone will be able to repay their debt. This collection process is centered on a lenders effort to “lose the least”. The tools and mechanisms in place for this “lose the least” effort are by and large, predictable.

Once an account becomes seriously delinquent, the odds of ever being paid another penny on it decrease dramatically. Creditors have the option of accepting less than the balance in satisfaction of the entire debt, or drop the account into the collection pipeline and see what they get on the other end. This pipeline consists of 3 options, assign, sue or sell, or what I jokingly refer to as A-S-S.

I could write several chapters on each of these collection pipelines, but the purpose of this post is to focus on the math your creditor has to work with when you are unable to pay them.

Assigning your debt:

Assignment collectors are companies who, on behalf of the creditor, are attempting to collect on unpaid balances. Generally, whatever they collect, they are paid a percentage. Credit card issuers will grade the performance of those they assign debt to and will continually award collection files to the best performers, the companies who get them the most money. Assignment of debt also has different tiers. You may be contacted by one debt collection company for a few months, then a different one after 90 days, and even another one 90 days after that. The collector’s job is to get as much as they can for their client, the bank, and to secure the best return for themselves on their performance based fee. Assuming the collector is able to collect 50%, the creditor may see a return of as much as 35% of the assigned balance. This number is a moving target, and will likely be different per account, per portfolio, per tier, per creditor.

Being sued to collect your debt:

Creditors select accounts for immediate referral to law firms in order to collect. Some law firm’s collection attempts will be very similar to an assignment collector where the firm is paid a performance fee just like assignment collectors. Others may start off with that appearance, but will then begin legal process in order to collect. Attorneys who sue in order to collect will generally add legal fees to the final judgment amount. Most law suits for unpaid credit card debt go uncontested and default judgment is entered against the debtor. The judgment itself is a piece of paper, but with legal enforcement implications that allow for collection of the debt via lien, levy and garnishment. Being sued in order to collect has its own costs that will vary, with no guarantee the judgment can be collected on. For your creditor, this means higher cost’s with an unknown return (rest assured the return as an aggregate justifies the expense enough to keep this part of the pipeline in tact-otherwise it would no longer be supported).

Selling your debt:

There are different tiers of debt sales. Your account can be sold several times and will have a different value at each sale. I want to focus on the sale done by the original creditor, who you opened your account with. Five or so years ago, while attending a collection industry seminar, I sat down briefly with a VP of risk management for the now defunct WAMU, who told me at that time, WAMU was catching bids of 15 cents on the dollar for freshly charged off debt (that number was consistent with the daily updates I was seeing from industry newsletters I receive). Charge off generally means the creditor is no longer expecting to be paid and is recording the debt amount as a loss. That was then and this is now. In the current economy, portfolios of charge off debt are being bid at 8-9 cents.

When your debt is purchased, the buyer will then subject the accounts it purchased to the A-S-S principle described above. The buyer has risked their capital with an expectation that they will be profitable by making an ASS of themselves. Sorry, couldn’t help myself.

Historically, the percentage of non-performing credit card assets has been low, less than 5%. In today’s economy, that number has skyrocketed to all time highs. Default on mortgage debt, commercial debt, revolving unsecured consumer debt (credit cards) are all approaching, or have surpassed any prior precedent.

Focusing on unsecured credit card debt; how has all this affected settlement? Well, look at the math. Your creditor will often “lose the least” be reaching agreements with those in serious delinquency before they drop it into the collection pipeline. This is why settlement works, whether 10 years ago or today.

With these increased portfolio losses at all time highs, banks would prefer to work with the consumer in order to lose the least. Consumers, whose financial situation suggests settlement is a good option to pursue, will find by working directly with their creditors they will often be in the position to save the most.

There are a few of the larger card issuers with whom the best savings will not be achieved until the account is placed with outside collection, but for the most part, reaching an agreement with the original creditor is in the best interest of the bank and the consumer. It is why our focus at CRN is to design an individualized plan that will get our members out of debt in the quickest way possible. Yes, our approach is one of the most aggressive in our industry. We are the crash diet of debt reduction.

To learn more about how you can drastically reduce your debt weight; visit Consumer Recovery Network.

By: Michael Bovee

CRN President

DEBT RELIEF OPTIONS vs. YOUR CREDIT SCORE

{Beware: the pump monkeys}

One of the biggest concerns for Americans who are struggling with debt, and looking for solutions to get out of debt, is their credit score. The question that I’ve heard most frequently over the years of working and consulting with consumers is; what will “this” do to my credit report? My answers are generally pretty enlightening, and because there are so many misconceptions, and even people willing to mislead consumers in order to sell them on some approach, I want to lay out some facts.

Let’s start with this fact: Risk aversion by lenders, in the extension of credit, has returned with a vengeance! This means that if your Debt to Income (DTI) is unhealthy, you will frequently find that additional credit is unavailable to you regardless of your credit score. Many consumers are finding that existing credit lines are being cut down to current balances and unused accounts are being closed. There is much more to discuss on this topic, but for the consumer struggling with debt my point is; stop thinking about your score. Additional credit availability is unlikely right now, anyway.
The credit score has been so indoctrinated into our consumer based society; people make irrational decisions, negatively impacting themselves and their families, all in the name of the all mighty FICO. So, as if through a megaphone from 10 stories below; “Put down that credit report and step away from the ledge”!

If you’re struggling with debt, whatever the hardship, and are forced to consider your options. I will lay out the legitimate options and outline the effects to your credit.

Debt Management Plan (DMP, sponsored by for profit or nonprofit credit counseling companies):
Your accounts that are accepted into the program will be closed and this will have a slight impact on your score. While enrolled in the program, it is typically very tough to get financing of virtually any nature in the first 24 months, due to the DMP notation in your credit report, next to each of the accounts enrolled. Debt Management Programs run, on average, 5 years. You are basically in “unsecured credit purgatory” for this entire period (such as obtaining new credit cards). You may be able to get financing on a vehicle or even purchase a home, modify an existing home loan, or qualify for a student loan (either your own or parental) after the first 2-3 years of successful participation in your DMP. When an account in your DMP is fully paid, the DMP notation is removed. This is a good option, if the math supports your finances (more on the math in a moment).

File Bankruptcy:
Chapter 7 – will stay on your credit report for 10 years. This does not mean you won’t have access to credit for the full 10 years! This is one of the biggest misconceptions out there, and partially what motivated me to write this. There are many reasons to try to avoid bankruptcy. Your ability to get credit in the future is one of the flimsiest. Up until the economy started crashing in 2007, consumers who discharged debt in a chapter 7 were finding unsolicited credit offers in their mailbox within 6-12 months of discharge. The credit offers were generally subprime, so not the best limits and rates, but were offered nonetheless. With the return of risk aversion, and many of the subprime credit card issuers having left the market, I don’t see these solicitations for credit just outside of bankruptcy being offered much, at the time of this writing. I find them even less likely moving forward, as banks will be repairing their balance sheets for years to come. Besides, having just obtained discharge of unsecured debt, one should not be in a hurry to obtain more, and most certainly not at subprime rates.

Current FHA underwriting standards mean you will not qualify for FHA funding after filing bankruptcy for a period a 2 years. It is, therefore, unlikely you will get a loan for a home purchase in this time frame, in the current loan market. Student loans are generally off the table for a few years, including ones you would apply for in order to assist your child. You may be able to finance a vehicle purchase after a chapter 7 within 12 or so months after discharge.
Your credit score is factored on several data points. 35% of it is reportedly factored on utilization/Debt to income (DTI). After discharging debt in a chapter 7, your DTI and utilization should be fabulous. Now, you wait out some of the 2-3 year timelines lenders and underwriters use as a standard, take a few effective steps to rebuild credit, and this whole 10 year misconception is seen for the baloney it is.

Chapter 13 – is totally different. It’s the worst of all options. The court is overseeing a repayment plan of 3 or 5 years. It’s on your credit report, you’re on a court approved household budget, and if you were to seek a new credit contract of virtually any type, you must first get approval from the court appointed trustee, who has been empowered to tell you “NO”. This version of bankruptcy is credit purgatory. It is rigid and inflexible. You will have court protection from creditors, but at the highest cost. It is an option, but should be seen as a last resort.

Debt Settlement:
Settling debts for less than the balance requires you to be behind in payments. Since another 35% of your credit score is factored on repayment history, your credit report and score is going to get clobbered! The clobbering itself and the duration of the pain will be different for each person. Once you achieve zero balance reporting, your credit score will begin to improve. How long it will take to improve will depend on several factors, such as:

• How long you went delinquent before a zero balance was reported
• Was the account charged off (settling debt inside of 6 months delinquency is optimal)
• Was it sold after charge off and re-reported (original creditor reports the charge off and the debt collector reports as well)
• What accounts were current during the settlement process (mortgage, car payment, other)
• What was the depth of your positive credit history (have you had cars, mortgages etc… paid off in the past)
• Did you take prudent steps to rebuild credit along the way

My experience has shown that roughly 18 months after completing the last settlement, and the zero balance due reporting, you’re in decent credit shape again, when contemplating legitimate needs. I have seen CRN members qualify for FHA funding on a new home purchase 9 months after finishing their settlements (focusing on the above 6 items) . The primary reason for this is that your debt to income is in better shape, and the math shows you can comfortably service the mortgage. This aspect should be considered by those who have been turned down for a modification on an existing home loan based on their DTI, and who have resources that can be creatively deployed.

Summary:
These 3 options are what a consumer, who cannot keep up with payments, has to consider. The fact is; every one of them is going to hurt your score. Even just slogging along and struggling to meet your minimums is going to keep you from any new credit, based on a poor DTI ratio, regardless of the FICO score. The days of fog a mirror – and get credit – are gone.

Basing your decision on which option to go with because of the affect on your credit report, is like arguing over whether to punch a one foot or two foot hole in the bottom of the boat while at sea. The boat sinks no matter what.

These 3 options actually track pretty well when you boil them down to which one will put you in position to obtain legitimate loans, like a home/car purchase or student loans, the quickest.

The point is, when you are drowning in debt and are worried about your credit score, you’re worried about the wrong thing.

The media, lenders, regulators, unwitting commentators, have all contributed to the credit score hype. Sure, it is important when you are out shopping for loans and better interest rates, but that’s not what someone who cannot keep their payments up should be thinking about. They are not going to get credit, and they cannot service the additional debt anyway. Anyone saying something different is talking up their book, has the luxury of not struggling with debt, or is a pump monkey for some special interest.

When determining which debt relief option will best suit your situation, and you’re mid-to-long term goals, always start with the math. The math doesn’t lie and should assist you in narrowing down which option is best.

Chapter 7, for those who qualify, and who fully understand all of the implications associated with filing (sans the credit score), will provide the quickest, most thorough relief.

Other than a discharge through bankruptcy, my experience would suggest that consumers weigh and compare a debt management plan (DMP) beside a debt settlement approach, and make a rational decision based on the math and the flexibility that is built into either option. Settlement will generally win this test. When doing the math to qualify for a DMP, you will need to factor your ability to consistently and comfortably make a monthly payment of 2.5% of your current unsecured credit card balances. If you cannot, or question your ability to maintain this type of payment, I question why you would even start a DMP. You have a high probability of not completing it and will have wasted resources that would have contributed to your success using a settlement approach and the ability to regain your financial freedom sooner.

If you are considering settlement, be sure to consider the hype and fees associated with its pump monkeys, too. Please read: Debt Settlement Marketing-The gist, The Juice & the lies or Dude Meets Debt Wall

If you have hit the debt wall and want to learn about all of your debt management options, including debt settlement, visit Consumer Recovery Network. While you’re there, learn about becoming a member of Consumer Recovery Network, with no risk to you, and schedule a consult to find out if you should pursue debt negotiation.

By: Michael Bovee, CRN President

Debt Settlement Marketing: The Gist, The Juice & The Lies

The gist:

Here is the link of a company that solicited Consumer Recovery Network to buy live transfer leads from them last month (These come in virtually every day):

ineedyourleads.com

Commercials like this are aired on television; the consumer calls the number and is asked perhaps 3-4 qualifying questions and re-routed to a call center or settlement firm with their own internal sales floor. Perhaps the number provided will go direct to a sales floor without a pit stop for a 4 question qualifier.

This type of advertising, at its peak last year (perhaps some will pay this even today) ran anywhere from $75.00 to over $100.00 per live transfer. A good (meaning productive–not necessarily ethical) call center in this industry, paying for, and working these leads, has a cost per acquisition (CPA) of anywhere between $600.00 to $1200.00. They have to run a 20% close ratio or higher, in most cases, to hit their numbers. That means they have to approach what they do as a sales process rather than a consultation process.

The majority of people sold into settlement, in my opinion, don’t belong in it. Either the process was sold as butterflies and rainbows, or the plan, due to high upfront fees, which are often successfully disguised to the average consumer stressed to the gills and looking for relief, provides for high incompletion and program drop rates. The higher the fee, no matter how it is calculated or paid, is one of the bigger stumbling blocks to being successful in working with a settlement company. The fee itself can prevent the consumer’s success. Fees average 15% of the total debt that is submitted for settlement. Why so high? Often enough, the fee amount is related to the juice, but I am getting ahead of myself.

The only ethical way to promote settlement as an option is from a consultation/informative perspective where there is no pressure to hit a quota due to high CPA. If a company does any national advertising or purchases live transfers from a national advertiser whether radio or television, it is nearly 100% assured that they are using a sales approach. They must closely monitor closing ratios of the phone staff, and cut anyone occupying a chair who doesn’t hit the numbers. I have visited a few call centers. The majority of men and women in these call center atmospheres are best defined as telemarketers. There are, I am sure, exceptions. In fact, I have met some. That is not the norm though. These are the same people who will be just as effective at telemarketing residential home siding, as settlement services.

The juice:

Your future… sold to the highest paying servicer! On first contact, if you are not talking to the company that is actually going to handle your file, you are talking to a sales guy. His motivation is selling you into settlement, whether or not it’s a good fit for your situation, in order to get a commission. The criteria for where the sales guy will refer you, in my opinion and industry experience, will not be based on who does the best work, who has the most success with consumers, who will best serve your actual needs for getting out of debt with a settlement process, or who is going to charge the least so that your money actually goes to your creditors. It is absolutely (and unfortunately) predictable that the vast majority of those selling settlement, will gravitate to referring you to where they will get paid the most. You will seldom be referred to a servicer whose fees do not maximize the commission sought by the sales person or the company they work for.

The investment required to run one of these centers requires their owners to search out the companies that pay the highest commission for the referral. I have both seen and heard reference to as much as 70% – 80%, payouts of client fees for referrals. Ridiculous? Absolutely! This model is unsustainable for any long period of time. The marketing firm will just move onto the next back end servicer who provides the highest commission. I have witnessed it. Hess Kennedy gets shut down, the sales center then refers to Allegro. Allegro is now shut down, so they will move onto the next. If you’re reading this and are wondering if you are a victim of the “gist & the juice”, the fact that you’re wondering means you probably are.

The price for all of this is passed onto the consumer. They are the ones paying for it through their wallet/purse, and also in the form of lost time and opportunity for the fact that settlement was never the right option for many of them in the first place. They were sold into it.

The lies:

One of several fabrications, or shall I say “massaged facts” used by the settlement sales person is a manageable monthly payment into your settlement fund, thereby extending program length. This is huge, and is used repeatedly because of its success. For example: You have $30,000 in unsecured credit card debt and are paying interest rates somewhere in the 20% range. Your struggling to meet minimums and are looking for options and respond to an ad to “settle for pennies on dollar” or “Get your piece of the bailout and settle with your creditors”. The sales pitch is to put you into a settlement program where you will not be paying your creditors and saving $416.00 dollars a month for 36 months. This is half your current debt. Well Shazaam! That sounds like the kind of relief you are looking for! Your monthly minimum payments, at the high interest you are stuck at, equaled a thousand plus, and this nice man or woman is saying you can be out of debt for the low-low price of $416.00 a month. This is e-a-s-y to sell. This type of relief being offered is what many of us would focus on, no matter how much more there is to the pitch. It’s human nature. It’s the relief we need, and we found it. Some will outline a 42 month plan, or even longer. E-A-S-Y.

Here is the problem. The longer it takes to settle with your creditors, the higher the risk one or more of your creditors will sue you in court in order to collect the debt. Where is your sales guy when this happens? Did he mention you could be sued? Maybe in passing, and if so, he probably said it is very rare to have that happen. What you were not told is that the longer your program lasts the more risk you face of being sued. That would take away all of the relief you felt from having been paying over $1000 a month, to now saving less than half of that a month for settlement. That little massaging of facts goes a long way for the sales close ratio.

The truth about settlement is; you have to be aggressive. You have to put every available penny aside to settle the debt as fast as possible in order to avoid something as adverse as a lawsuit. The relief you will find by using a settlement approach is not going to come until the debt is gone. Settlement is the “rip the band aid off” approach, rather than picking at the corners.

How big is your risk of being sued along the way? It will be different for everyone. It can depend on how fast you can settle, who your creditors are, who they may assign the debt to, who a creditor sells your debt to, what your credit report looks like, the state you live in, transaction history on the account leading up to default. Is a debt settlement sales person going to go over all of that with you?

Lawsuits filed, in order to collect on unsecured credit card accounts, are generally a pretty low percentage compared to how many accounts default each year. I believe those numbers will start to increase in what’s left of 2009 and into 2010. The two largest card issuers in the U.S. have been huge participants in submitting defaulted accounts for arbitration, an alternative dispute resolution done outside of the courts. The National Arbitration Forum (NAF) and the American Arbitration Association (AAA) have ceased all arbitration activity relating to consumer credit cards this summer. Card issuers will likely increase the accounts they place with collection law firms as a result.

At Consumer Recovery Network, we do NO paid advertising. We do not have sales people. When you consult with CRN, you are talking to a specialist on first contact, someone who works with our members and their creditors every day.

If you have hit the debt wall and want to learn about all of your debt management options, including debt settlement, visit Consumer Recovery Network. While you’re there, learn about becoming a member of Consumer Recovery Network, with no risk to you, and schedule a consult to find out if you should pursue debt negotiation.

By: Michael Bovee
CRN President